Zohar and Marshall (2000) believe that spiritual intelligence is something with which we can solve semantic and value problems and make our actions and life broader, richer and more meaningful.
Wellman (2001) believes that spiritual intelligence is the human capacity to raise ultimate questions about the meaning of life and simultaneous experiences and the relationship of each of us with the world in which we live.
Pargament (1997) states that religion can be effective in reducing the negative effects of life stress in people.